Top Medicines Used to Treat Type 2 Diabetes in India
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic conditions in India, affecting millions of people every year. While lifestyle changes are essential, medication is often necessary to control blood sugar levels effectively. In this guide, we’ll explore the most commonly prescribed medicines for Type 2 Diabetes in India, categorized by their action and purpose.
1. Oral Antidiabetic Medicines (Tablets)
a. Metformin (Biguanides)
Metformin is the most prescribed first-line medicine for type 2 diabetes. It reduces glucose production in the liver and improves insulin sensitivity.
- Common Brands: Glycomet, Obimet, Glucophage
- When Used: Early-stage or newly diagnosed diabetes
b. Sulfonylureas
These drugs help your pancreas release more insulin.
- Examples: Glimepiride (Amaryl), Gliclazide (Diamicron)
c. DPP-4 Inhibitors
This class increases insulin release after meals and lowers blood glucose without causing weight gain.
- Examples: Sitagliptin (Januvia), Teneligliptin (Teneliglip)
d. SGLT2 Inhibitors
These medicines help your kidneys flush out excess sugar through urine.
- Examples: Dapagliflozin (Forxiga), Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
e. Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors
They slow down the absorption of carbohydrates after meals.
- Example: Acarbose (Glucobay)
2. Combination Medicines (Common in India)
Doctors often prescribe combinations to improve effectiveness. Some popular combinations include:
- Metformin + Glimepiride (e.g., Glycomet GP)
- Metformin + Sitagliptin (e.g., Janumet)
- Metformin + Vildagliptin (e.g., Galvus Met)
- Metformin + Teneligliptin (e.g., Teneza-M)
3. Insulin Therapy (Injectables)
When oral medications aren’t enough, insulin is introduced, especially in long-term diabetes or in people with high blood sugar levels.
- Long-acting Insulin: Lantus (Glargine), Tresiba
- Short-acting Insulin: Humalog, NovoRapid
- Premixed Insulin: Mixtard, Novomix
4. Supplements for Diabetics
Alongside medications, diabetic patients often take supplements for added metabolic support.
- Protein Powders: Ensure Diabetes Care, Glucerna
- Herbal Support: Himalaya Diabecon, BGR-34
Important Note
All medications should be taken only under the guidance of a licensed medical professional. Do not self-medicate or adjust doses without consulting your doctor.